Civil Engineering Projects | CE 005
Civil Engineering Projects
Construction of any static amenities for man and mankind is called a civil engineering project. It may be of any size - from very small to very big. Any person, organization, society or government may do or be the stake holder of a civil engineering project.
The scope of civil engineering includes construction of projects on a versatile field of development of the nation and society. It may be a personal or national or universal. The broad examples of civil engineering projects are building, bridge, roads, railway, irrigation, industry, water, public health, marine, environment etc.
The scope of civil engineering includes construction of projects on a versatile field of development of the nation and society. It may be a personal or national or universal. The broad examples of civil engineering projects are building, bridge, roads, railway, irrigation, industry, water, public health, marine, environment etc.
A lot many of analysis are to be made before construction of a project. These may be called called as pre-construction analysis. Types of pre-construction analysis are exemplified as follows:
Pre-construction analysis
1. Need Analysis
Pre-construction analysis
1. Need Analysis
2. Political Analysis
3. Historical Analysis
4. Geographical Analysis
5. Geological Analysis
6. Socio-economic Analysis
4. Geographical Analysis
5. Geological Analysis
6. Socio-economic Analysis
7. Feasibility Study
8. Financial Management
How much of the above analysis are required for a project depend on the importance of the specific project. If a person wants to make a small residential building for his/her own use, then the only important things to be considered are need analysis and financial management. But if the government of a country wants to construct a railway or highway or any such works of national importance, then all the above analysis are very important in making a decision.
Apart from all analysis stated above, the most important thing required for deciding a project is the farsightedness. One has to foresee whether a project will ultimately fulfil the purpose or not. If a person with a small family constructs a big building with a big overburden to his/her pocket, the project should not be called appropriate. Similarly, a decision of constructing a bridge at the widest part of a river under demand of local people is inappropriate rather than making it at the narrowest part of the river 5-10 kilometers away. The construction of a project may be started after taking a final decision on a project as an outcome of pre-construction analysis. These works are fully technical and are as follows.
Construction of project
Construction of project
1. Land acquisition
2. Planning
3. Surveying
4. Designing
5. Estimating
6. Tendering
7. Construction
A Detailed Project Report (D.P.R) is normally made after completion of steps 1 to 5 above. Execution of tendering and construction starts after that. Third and post-construction works takes place after completion of construction which in a nutshell is called 'Maintenance'.
A Detailed Project Report (D.P.R) is normally made after completion of steps 1 to 5 above. Execution of tendering and construction starts after that. Third and post-construction works takes place after completion of construction which in a nutshell is called 'Maintenance'.
Whenever the word 'construction' is used, it means all second and third phase works altogether as stated above. Numerous examples of civil engineering projects are there. It is rather better to cluster those in different groups as follows:
Civil Engineering Projects :
Civil Engineering Projects :
01. Building Project
02. Transportation Project
03. Bridge Project
04. Irrigation Project
05. Water Project
06. Industrial Project
07. Power Project
07. Power Project
08. Public Health Project
09. Marine Project
10. Environment Project etc.
To introduce different terminology of civil engineering projects to the students, the above items are elaborated below. After going through this discussion, students will feel enthusiastic and proud that after graduation, they are going to be a part of any one or more of these projects.
To introduce different terminology of civil engineering projects to the students, the above items are elaborated below. After going through this discussion, students will feel enthusiastic and proud that after graduation, they are going to be a part of any one or more of these projects.
1. Building Project :
Providing roofs over head is the main object of a building project which includes various types of buildings and sheds. Buildings may be broadly classified in three ways, viz., Material, Character and Structure. Examples of all these are highlighted below.
Building: Material-wise
1. Clay building
2. Stone building
3. Timber building
4. Brick building
5. Concrete building
6. Steel building
7. Fiber and other building
It does not mean that above buildings are made up of solely the specified materials - like a clay building is made up of only clay or a stone building is made up of only stone etc. In fact the building construction requires a huge types of materials for which separate discussions will be made later on. Here, the above classification indicates the major material by which the building is constructed.
Building: Character-wise
01. Residential house
02. Flat, Apartment, Hostel
03. Religious building, Monument
04. School, College, University
05. Office, Court, Embassy
06. Hotel, Motel, Restaurant
07. Clinic, Hospital, Nursing home
08. Rehab / Correctional Center
09. Cinema, Theater, Auditorium
10. Assembly Hall, Marriage Hall
11. Shopping Mall, Parking Plaza
12. Stadium, Hanger, Factory Sheds
13. Ware House, Cold Storage
14. Space Tower, City Landmark
15. Burial Place, Crematorium etc.
Building: Structure wise
1. Compression Building
2. Tension Building
3. Lateral Tension Building
Ancient buildings composed of arches and corbels experience compression as the predominant reaction. Hence, these buildings are called compression building. On the contrary, the present day frame structure buildings experience tension as the predominant reaction which are shouldered by beams and lintels. Columns are provided to take care of compression. These buildings are called tension building. Tall buildings may be designated as lateral tension buildings because both columns and beams of these buildings alternately suffer from lateral tensions created by huge wind forces.
Providing roofs over head is the main object of a building project which includes various types of buildings and sheds. Buildings may be broadly classified in three ways, viz., Material, Character and Structure. Examples of all these are highlighted below.
Building: Material-wise
1. Clay building
2. Stone building
3. Timber building
4. Brick building
5. Concrete building
6. Steel building
7. Fiber and other building
It does not mean that above buildings are made up of solely the specified materials - like a clay building is made up of only clay or a stone building is made up of only stone etc. In fact the building construction requires a huge types of materials for which separate discussions will be made later on. Here, the above classification indicates the major material by which the building is constructed.
Building: Character-wise
01. Residential house
02. Flat, Apartment, Hostel
03. Religious building, Monument
04. School, College, University
05. Office, Court, Embassy
06. Hotel, Motel, Restaurant
07. Clinic, Hospital, Nursing home
08. Rehab / Correctional Center
09. Cinema, Theater, Auditorium
10. Assembly Hall, Marriage Hall
11. Shopping Mall, Parking Plaza
12. Stadium, Hanger, Factory Sheds
13. Ware House, Cold Storage
14. Space Tower, City Landmark
15. Burial Place, Crematorium etc.
Building: Structure wise
1. Compression Building
2. Tension Building
3. Lateral Tension Building
Ancient buildings composed of arches and corbels experience compression as the predominant reaction. Hence, these buildings are called compression building. On the contrary, the present day frame structure buildings experience tension as the predominant reaction which are shouldered by beams and lintels. Columns are provided to take care of compression. These buildings are called tension building. Tall buildings may be designated as lateral tension buildings because both columns and beams of these buildings alternately suffer from lateral tensions created by huge wind forces.
2. Transportation Project :
Transportation system directly enriches a nation. It may be compared with arteries and veins of our body. Efficient transportation system keeps a nation fit to struggle against poverty as the good blood circulation system of the body keeps a man fit to fight against diseases. A few of transportation projects are enumerated below.
Transportation Project Examples
1. Roads and Highways
2. Railway System
3. Airports
4. Rope Way
5. Tunnel
6. Subway
7. Underpass etc.
Road Classification :
(As per Indian Standard of Practice)
1. Express way
2. National Highway
3. State Highway
4. Major District Road
5. Other District Road
6. Bye pass and Connectors
7. Village Roads
8. City Roads
Types of City Roads :
1. Road
2. Street
3. Avenue
4. Boulevard
5. Square
6. Strand
7. Lane
8. Bye Lane
Railway Classification :
1. On ground railway
2. Under ground railway and
3. Over ground railway
Depending on the type of track, on ground railway or simply railway is divided into four types, viz.,
1. Broad Gauge
2. Standard Gauge
3. Meter Gauge
4. Narrow Gauge
Types of gauge vary from place to place, country to country. All types of gauge are not in use in all countries. Broad gauge, Meter gauge and Narrow gauge tracks are available in India. Under ground railway is called in different names in different places - like Metro Rail, Tube Rail etc. Mono Rail is normally used as over ground railway.
3. Bridge Project :
Bridge is what joins the gap between two different entities. In civil engineering, a bridge is what joins two different lands separated by river, lake or sea. A bridge is called flyover if it crosses some portion of the same land in which it begins and terminates. If a bridge is very small in span, normally not exceeding 5-6 meter, it is called a culvert. Bridge project includes construction of various types of bridge, culvert, flyover etc. Bridges can be classified in various ways like as per material, as per structure, as per traffic and others. Examples are given below.
Bridge : As per Material
1. Timber Bridge
2. Stone Bridge
3. Brick Bridge
4. Steel Bridge
5. Concrete Bridge
6. Composite Bridge
7. Pre-stressed Concrete Bridge
Bridge : As per Structure
1. Arch Bridge
2. Tied Arch Bridge
3. Beam Bridge
4. Girder Bridge
5. Box Girder Bridge
6. Bow String Girder Bridge
7. Cantilever Bridge
8. Truss Bridge
9. Suspension Bridge
10.Cable Stayed Bridge
Bridge : As per Traffic
1. Road Bridge
2. Rail Bridge
3. Pedestrian Bridge
4. Pipeline Bridge
5. Deck Bridge
6. Through Bridge
7. Double Decker Bridge
Bridge : Other Considerations
1. Permanent Bridge
2. Temporary Bridge
3. Long Span Bridge
4. Movable Bridge
5. Floating Bridge
6. Lift Bridge
7. Pontoon Bridge
8. Bailey Bridge
Transportation system directly enriches a nation. It may be compared with arteries and veins of our body. Efficient transportation system keeps a nation fit to struggle against poverty as the good blood circulation system of the body keeps a man fit to fight against diseases. A few of transportation projects are enumerated below.
Transportation Project Examples
1. Roads and Highways
2. Railway System
3. Airports
4. Rope Way
5. Tunnel
6. Subway
7. Underpass etc.
Road Classification :
(As per Indian Standard of Practice)
1. Express way
2. National Highway
3. State Highway
4. Major District Road
5. Other District Road
6. Bye pass and Connectors
7. Village Roads
8. City Roads
Types of City Roads :
1. Road
2. Street
3. Avenue
4. Boulevard
5. Square
6. Strand
7. Lane
8. Bye Lane
Railway Classification :
1. On ground railway
2. Under ground railway and
3. Over ground railway
Depending on the type of track, on ground railway or simply railway is divided into four types, viz.,
1. Broad Gauge
2. Standard Gauge
3. Meter Gauge
4. Narrow Gauge
Types of gauge vary from place to place, country to country. All types of gauge are not in use in all countries. Broad gauge, Meter gauge and Narrow gauge tracks are available in India. Under ground railway is called in different names in different places - like Metro Rail, Tube Rail etc. Mono Rail is normally used as over ground railway.
3. Bridge Project :
Bridge is what joins the gap between two different entities. In civil engineering, a bridge is what joins two different lands separated by river, lake or sea. A bridge is called flyover if it crosses some portion of the same land in which it begins and terminates. If a bridge is very small in span, normally not exceeding 5-6 meter, it is called a culvert. Bridge project includes construction of various types of bridge, culvert, flyover etc. Bridges can be classified in various ways like as per material, as per structure, as per traffic and others. Examples are given below.
Bridge : As per Material
1. Timber Bridge
2. Stone Bridge
3. Brick Bridge
4. Steel Bridge
5. Concrete Bridge
6. Composite Bridge
7. Pre-stressed Concrete Bridge
Bridge : As per Structure
1. Arch Bridge
2. Tied Arch Bridge
3. Beam Bridge
4. Girder Bridge
5. Box Girder Bridge
6. Bow String Girder Bridge
7. Cantilever Bridge
8. Truss Bridge
9. Suspension Bridge
10.Cable Stayed Bridge
Bridge : As per Traffic
1. Road Bridge
2. Rail Bridge
3. Pedestrian Bridge
4. Pipeline Bridge
5. Deck Bridge
6. Through Bridge
7. Double Decker Bridge
Bridge : Other Considerations
1. Permanent Bridge
2. Temporary Bridge
3. Long Span Bridge
4. Movable Bridge
5. Floating Bridge
6. Lift Bridge
7. Pontoon Bridge
8. Bailey Bridge
4. Irrigation Project
Controlled water supply to the agricultural field and flood control is the main object of irrigation.
Irrigation Project Examples :
1. Dam
2. Barrage
3. Canal
4. Viaduct
5. Aqueduct
6. Cause Way
7. Deep well
8. Shallow well etc.
Types of Dam :
1. Earth Fill Dam
2. Rock Fill Dam
3. Masonry Dam
4. Concrete Dam
5. Gravity Dam
6. Circular Arch Dam
7. Elliptic Arch Dam
8. Arch Gravity Dam
9. Steel Dam
10.Timber Dam
11.Embankment Dam
12.Dry Dam
Controlled water supply to the agricultural field and flood control is the main object of irrigation.
Irrigation Project Examples :
1. Dam
2. Barrage
3. Canal
4. Viaduct
5. Aqueduct
6. Cause Way
7. Deep well
8. Shallow well etc.
Types of Dam :
1. Earth Fill Dam
2. Rock Fill Dam
3. Masonry Dam
4. Concrete Dam
5. Gravity Dam
6. Circular Arch Dam
7. Elliptic Arch Dam
8. Arch Gravity Dam
9. Steel Dam
10.Timber Dam
11.Embankment Dam
12.Dry Dam
5. Water Project :
A water project consists of collection of raw water from a defined source, treatment of water, storage of treated water and lastly supplying of it to huge stake holders. Hence, a water project includes construction of following items.
1. Water Collection Plant
2. Water Treatment Plant
3. Water Reservoir System
3. Water Supply System
6. Industrial Project :
Industry is the health of a nation. More industry in a country means healthier is the nation. A few examples of industrial projects and their ancillary works are given below:
1. Rice Mill
2. Flour Mill
3. Oil Mill
4. Cement Plant
5. Steel Plant
6. Chemical Plant
7. Petrochemical Plant
8. Pipe Line
9. Chimney
10.Stack
11.Silo
12.Bunker etc.
7. Power Project :
Power is energy. So more power in a country means more energetic is the nation. Power project includes construction and installation of -
1. Thermal Power Plant
2. Hydel Power Plant
3. Nuclear Power Plant
4. Wind Power Plant
5. Tidal power Plant
6. Solar Power Plant
7. Gas Power Plant
8. Transmission Line Towers
9. Electric Substation etc.
A water project consists of collection of raw water from a defined source, treatment of water, storage of treated water and lastly supplying of it to huge stake holders. Hence, a water project includes construction of following items.
1. Water Collection Plant
2. Water Treatment Plant
3. Water Reservoir System
3. Water Supply System
6. Industrial Project :
Industry is the health of a nation. More industry in a country means healthier is the nation. A few examples of industrial projects and their ancillary works are given below:
1. Rice Mill
2. Flour Mill
3. Oil Mill
4. Cement Plant
5. Steel Plant
6. Chemical Plant
7. Petrochemical Plant
8. Pipe Line
9. Chimney
10.Stack
11.Silo
12.Bunker etc.
7. Power Project :
Power is energy. So more power in a country means more energetic is the nation. Power project includes construction and installation of -
1. Thermal Power Plant
2. Hydel Power Plant
3. Nuclear Power Plant
4. Wind Power Plant
5. Tidal power Plant
6. Solar Power Plant
7. Gas Power Plant
8. Transmission Line Towers
9. Electric Substation etc.
8. Public Health Project :
The scope of public health projects includes construction of various types of disposal system as given below.
1. Drainage and Sewerage System
2. Solid Waste Treatment Plant
3. Waste Water Treatment Plant
4. Other Hazardous Waste Treatment Plant etc.
9. Marine Project :
Land is the main address of human civilization. But human society extracts and utilizes many things out of various water bodies like ocean, lake, river etc. for it's benefit.
Marine Projects Examples :
1. Doc
2. Harbor
3. Jetty
4. Sea Shore
4. Offshore Oil Platform etc.
10. Environment Project :
A man needs a happy home for his/her happy living. Environment is the happy home for human civilization. Environment project consists of identification, control, monitoring, and eradication of various environmental pollution like water pollution, air pollution, sound pollution etc.
The scope of public health projects includes construction of various types of disposal system as given below.
1. Drainage and Sewerage System
2. Solid Waste Treatment Plant
3. Waste Water Treatment Plant
4. Other Hazardous Waste Treatment Plant etc.
9. Marine Project :
Land is the main address of human civilization. But human society extracts and utilizes many things out of various water bodies like ocean, lake, river etc. for it's benefit.
Marine Projects Examples :
1. Doc
2. Harbor
3. Jetty
4. Sea Shore
4. Offshore Oil Platform etc.
10. Environment Project :
A man needs a happy home for his/her happy living. Environment is the happy home for human civilization. Environment project consists of identification, control, monitoring, and eradication of various environmental pollution like water pollution, air pollution, sound pollution etc.
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